Ten
Old English tēn, tīen, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch tien and German zehn, from an Indo-European root shared by Sanskrit daśa, Greek deka, and Latin decem .
wiktionary
From Middle English ten, tene, from Old English tīen, from Proto-West Germanic *tehun, from Proto-Germanic *tehun, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥.
Cognate with Scots ten, tene(“ten”), West Frisian tsien(“ten”), Saterland Frisian tjoon(“ten”), North Frisian tiin(“ten”), Dutch tien(“ten”), German zehn(“ten”), Norwegian ti(“ten”), Swedish tio(“ten”).
Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian dhjetë, Old Armenian տասն(tasn), Lithuanian dešimt, Old Church Slavonic десѧть(desętĭ), Old Breton dec, Old Irish deich, Ancient Greek δέκα(déka), Sanskrit दश(dásá), Old Persian *𐎭𐎰(*d-θ/daθa/), Latin decem, Tocharian A śäk.
See also teen.
etymonline
ten (adj., n.)
"1 more than nine, twice five; the number which is one more than nine; a symbol representing this number;" Old English ten (Mercian), tien (West Saxon), adjective and noun, from Proto-Germanic *tehun (source also of Old Saxon tehan, Old Norse tiu, Danish ti, Old Frisian tian, Old Dutch ten, Dutch tien, Old High German zehan, German zehn, Gothic taihun "ten"), from PIE root *dekm- "ten."
Meaning "ten o'clock" is from 1712. Tenner "ten-pound note" is slang first recorded 1861; as "ten-dollar bill," 1887 (ten-spot in this sense dates from 1848). The Texan's exaggerated ten-gallon hat is from 1919. The ten-foot pole that you wouldn't touch something with (1909) was originally a 40-foot pole; the notion is of keeping one's distance, as in the advice to use a long spoon when you dine with the devil. Ten-four "I understand, message received," is attested in popular jargon from 1962, from citizens band and emergency dispatch radio 10-code (in use in U.S. by 1950).
