Subject
Middle English (in the sense ‘(person) owing obedience’): from Old French suget, from Latin subjectus ‘brought under’, past participle of subicere, from sub- ‘under’ + jacere ‘throw’. Senses relating to philosophy, logic, and grammar are derived ultimately from Aristotle's use of to hupokeimenon meaning ‘material from which things are made’ and ‘subject of attributes and predicates’.
wiktionary
From Middle English subget, from Old French suget, from Latin subiectus(“lying under or near, adjacent, also subject, exposed”), as a noun, subiectus(“a subject, an inferior”), subiectum(“the subject of a proposition”), past participle of subiciō(“throw, lay, place”), from sub(“under, at the foot of”) + iaciō(“throw, hurl”), as a calque of Ancient Greek ὑποκείμενον(hupokeímenon).
From Latin subiectus(“a subject, an inferior”), subiectum(“the subject of a proposition”), past participle of subiciō(“throw, lay, place”), from sub(“under, at the foot of”) + iaciō(“throw, hurl”).
From Medieval Latin subiectō, iterative of subiciō(“throw, lay, place”), from sub(“under, at the foot of”) + iaciō(“throw, hurl”).
etymonline
subject (n.)
early 14c., "person under control or dominion of another," specifically a government or ruler, from Old French sogit, suget, subget "a subject person or thing" (12c., Modern French sujet), from noun use of Latin subiectus "lying under, below, near bordering on," figuratively "subjected, subdued," past participle of subicere, subiicere "to place under, throw under, bind under; to make subject, subordinate," from sub "under" (from PIE root *upo "under") + combining form of iacere "to throw" (from PIE root *ye- "to throw, impel"). In 14c., sugges, sogetis, subgit, sugette; form re-Latinized in English 16c.
Meaning "person or thing regarded as recipient of action, one that may be acted upon" is recorded from 1590s. Grammatical sense is recorded from 1630s, from Latin subjectum "grammatical subject," noun use of the neuter of the Latin past participle. Likewise some restricted uses in logic and philosophy are borrowed directly from Latin subjectum as "foundation or subject of a proposition," a loan-translation of Aristotle's to hypokeimenon. Meaning "subject matter of an art or science" is attested from 1540s, probably short for subject matter (late 14c.), which is from Medieval Latin subjecta materia, a loan translation of Greek hypokeimene hylē (Aristotle), literally "that which lies beneath."
subject (v.)
late 14c., "to make (a person or nation) subject to another by force," also "to render submissive or dependent," from Medieval Latin subiectare "place beneath," frequentative of Latin subicere "to make subject, subordinate" (see subject (n.)). Meaning "to lay open or expose to (some force or occurrence)" is recorded from early 15c. (implied in subjected). Related: Subjecting.
subject (adj.)
early 14c., from Old French suget, subject (Modern French sujet), from Latin subiectus (see subject (n.)).
