Stop
Old English (for)stoppian ‘block up (an aperture)’, of West Germanic origin; related to German stopfen, from late Latin stuppare ‘to stuff’.
wiktionary
From Middle English stoppen, stoppien, from Old English stoppian(“to stop, close”), from Proto-West Germanic *stuppōn, from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn(“to stop, close”), *stuppijaną(“to push, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, *(s)tewb-(“to push; stick”), from *(s)tew-(“to bump; impact; butt; push; beat; strike; hit”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian stopje(“to stop, block”), West Frisian stopje(“to stop”), Dutch stoppen(“to stop”), Low German stoppen(“to stop”), German stopfen(“to be filling, stuff”), German stoppen(“to stop”), Danish stoppe(“to stop”), Swedish stoppa(“to stop”), Icelandic stoppa(“to stop”), Middle High German stupfen, stüpfen(“to pierce”). More at stuff, stump.
Alternate etymology derives Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn from an assumed Vulgar Latin *stūpāre, *stuppāre(“to stop up with tow”), from stūpa, stīpa, stuppa(“tow, flax, oakum”), from Ancient Greek στύπη(stúpē), στύππη(stúppē, “tow, flax, oakum”). This derivation, however, is doubtful, as the earliest instances of the Germanic verb do not carry the meaning of "stuff, stop with tow". Rather, these senses developed later in response to influence from similar sounding words in Latin and Romance. [1]
From Middle English stoppe, from Old English stoppa(“bucket, pail, a stop”), from Proto-Germanic *stuppô(“vat, vessel”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teub-(“to push, hit; stick, stump”). See stoup.
s- + top
etymonline
stop (v.)
Old English -stoppian (in forstoppian "to stop up, stifle"), a general West Germanic word, cognate with Old Saxon stuppon, West Frisian stopje, Middle Low German stoppen, Old High German stopfon, German stopfen "to plug, stop up," Old Low Frankish (be)stuppon "to stop (the ears)."
These words are said by many sources to be a Germanic borrowing of Vulgar Latin *stuppare "to stop or stuff with tow or oakum" (source of Italian stoppare, French étouper "to stop with tow"), from Latin stuppa "coarse part of flax, tow." In support of this theory, it is said that plugs made of tow were used from ancient times in Rhine valley. Century Dictionary says this "suits phonetically," but "is on grounds of meaning somewhat doubtful." Barnhart, for one, proposes the whole Germanic group might be native, from a base *stoppon.
Sense of "bring or come to a halt, discontinue" (mid-15c.) is from notion of preventing a flow by blocking a hole, and the word's development in this sense is unique to English, though it since has been widely adopted in other languages; perhaps influenced by Latin stupere "be stunned, be stupefied." Intransitive meaning "check oneself" is from 1680s. Meaning "make a halt or stay, tarry" is from 1711. Stop-light is from 1922; stop-sign is from 1918. Stop-motion is from 1851, originally of looms. Related: Stopped; stopping.
stop (n.)
late 14c., "a plug;" mid-15c., "a cessation," from stop (v.). Of mechanisms of musical instruments from c. 1500, especially of organs, where opening them makes it produce more sound, hence figurative phrase pull out the stops (1909). From 1660s in phonetics, 1831 in photography. Meaning "a stopping place" is from 1889. To put a stop to some activity is from 1670s (earlier give a stop to, 1580s).
