Rape
wiktionary
From Middle English rapen, rappen(“to abduct; ravish; seduce; rape; seize; snatch; carry off; transport”), probably from Latin rapere (verb), possibly through or influenced by Anglo-Norman rap, rape (noun) (compare also ravish). But compare Swedish rappa(“to snatch, seize, carry off”), Low German rapen(“to snatch, seize”), Dutch rapen(“to pick up, gather, collect”); the relationship with Germanic forms is not clear. Cognate with Lithuanian reikėti(“to be in need”). Compare also rap(“seize, snatch”). [1]
Generally considered to derive from Old English rāp(“rope”), in reference to the ropes used to delineate the courts that ruled each rape. [2] Compare Dutch reep and the parish of Rope, Cheshire.
In the 18th century, Edward Lye proposed derivation from Old Norse hreppr(“tract of land”), but this was rejected by the New English Dictionary and is considered "phonologically impossible" by the English Place-Name Society. [2] Others, considering it improbable that the Normans would have adopted a local word, suggest derivation from Old French raper(“take by force”). [3]
See Wikipedia for more.
From Middle English rapen, from Old Norse hrapa(“to fall, rush headlong, hurry, hasten”), from Proto-Germanic *hrapaną(“to fall down”). Cognate with Norwegian rapa(“to slip, fall”), Danish rappe(“to make haste”), German rappeln(“to hasten, hurry”).
From Latin rapa, from rāpum(“turnip”).
From Middle English rape, from rape(“grape stalk, rasper”), from Old French raper, rasper(“to rasp, scratch”), from Old Frankish *raspōn(“to scratch”), related to Old High German raspōn(“to scrape”), Old English ġehrespan(“to strip, spoil”).
etymonline
rape (v.)
late 14c., rapen, "seize prey; abduct, take and carry off by force," from rape (n.) and from Anglo-French raper (Old French rapir) "to seize, abduct," a legal term, probably from Latin rapere "seize, carry off by force, abduct" (see rapid). Also figuring in alliterative or rhyming phrases, such as rape and renne (late 14c.) "seize and plunder."
The older senses of the English word became obsolete. The surviving meaning "to abduct (a woman), ravish;" also "seduce (a man)" is clearly by early 15c. in English, but it might have been at least part of the sense in earlier uses.
Meaning "to rob, strip, plunder" (a place) is from 1721, a partial revival of the old sense. Uncertain connection to Low German and Dutch rapen in the same sense. In Middle English, and occasionally after, the verb was used in figurative senses of Latin rapere, such as "transport in ecstasy, carry off to heaven," usually in past-participle rapte, which tends to blend with rapt. Related: Raped; raping.
Classical Latin rapere was used for "sexually violate," but only rarely; the usual Latin word being stuprare "to defile, ravish, violate," which is related to stuprum (n.) "illicit sexual intercourse," literally "disgrace," stupere "to be stunned, stupefied" (see stupid). Latin raptus, past participle of rapere, used as a noun meant "a seizure, plundering, abduction," but in Medieval Latin also "forcible violation."
rape (n.1)
early 14c., "booty, prey;" mid-14c., "forceful seizure, act of snatching by force; plundering, robbery, extortion," from Anglo-French rap, rape, and directly from Latin rapere "seize" (see rape (v.)). Meaning "act of abducting a woman or sexually violating her or both" is from early 15c. Late 13c. in Anglo-Latin (rapum).
rape (n.2)
kind of cruciferous plant (Brassica napus), late 14c., from Old French rape and directly from Latin rapa, rapum "turnip," which is cognate with Greek hrapys "rape," Old Church Slavonic repa, Lithuanian ropė, Middle Dutch roeve, Old High German ruoba, German Rübe "rape, turnip," perhaps a common borrowing from a non-IE word (de Vaan).
Widely grown as fodder for cattle and sheep, an oil made from it is used in cooking (see canola). Rape-oil is attested by 1540s; rapeseed by 1570s.
There has been much confusion between rape and coleseed, either plant being known under both names; the former is sometimes called winter rape and the latter summer rape. The older writers usually distinguish the turnip and rape by the adjectives round and long(-rooted) respectively. [OED]
