Pine
Old English, from Latin pinus, reinforced in Middle English by Old French pin .
wiktionary
From Middle English pyne, from Latin pīnus, from Proto-Indo-European *peyH-(“sap, juice”). Cognate with Sanskrit पितु(pitu, “sap, juice, resin”). Doublet of pinus.
From Middle English pine, pyne, from Old English *pīn(“pain”), from Proto-Germanic *pīnō(“pain, torment, torture”), possibly from Latin poena(“punishment”), from Ancient Greek ποινή(poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”). Cognate to pain.
Entered Germanic with Christianity; cognate to Middle Dutch pinen, Old High German pīnōn, Old Norse pína. [1]
From Middle English pinen, from Old English pīnian(“to torment”), from Proto-Germanic *pīnōną, from Proto-Germanic *pīnō(“pain, torment, torture”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with German peinigen(“to torment, torture”), Icelandic pína(“to torment”).
etymonline
pine (n.)
"coniferous tree, tree of the genus Pinus," Old English pin (in compounds), from Old French pin and directly from Latin pinus "pine, pine-tree, fir-tree," which is perhaps from a PIE *pi-nu-, from root *peie- "to be fat, swell" (see fat (adj.)).
If so, the tree's name would be a reference to its sap or pitch. Compare Sanskrit pituh "juice, sap, resin," pitudaruh "pine tree," Greek pitys "pine tree." Also see pitch (n.1). The native Old English word was furh (see fir). Pine-top "cheap illicit whiskey," is attested by 1858, Southern U.S. slang.
Most of us have wished vaguely & vainly at times that they knew a fir from a pine. As the Scotch fir is not a fir strictly speaking, but a pine, & as we shall continue to ignore this fact, it is plain that the matter concerns the botanist more than the man in the street. [Fowler]
pine (v.)
Middle English pinen "cause to starve" (c. 1300), from Old English pinian "to torture, torment, afflict, cause to suffer," from *pīn (n.) "pain, torture, punishment," from a general Germanic word (compare Middle Dutch pinen, Old High German pinon, German Pein, Old Norse pina), all possibly ultimately from Latin poena "punishment, penalty" (see penal). If so, the Latin word probably came into Germanic with Christianity.
The intransitive sense of "to languish, waste away, be consumed with grief or longing," the main modern meaning, is recorded from early 14c., via the Middle English intransitive senses of "endure penance, torment oneself; endure pain, suffer." Related: Pined; pining.
