Middle English (in the sense ‘travelling bag’): from Old French male ‘wallet’, of West Germanic origin. The notion ‘by post’ dates from the mid 17th century.
wiktionary
From Middle English male, from Anglo-Norman male, Old French male(“bag, wallet”), from Frankish *malha(“bag”), from Proto-Germanic *malhō(“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Indo-European *molko-(“leather pouch”). Compare Dutch maal.
From Middle English maille(“mail armor”), borrowed from Old French maille(“loop, stitch”), from Vulgar Latin*macla, from Latin macula(“blemish, mesh”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *smh₁-tleh₂, from *smeh₁-(“smear, rub”).
From Middle English mal, male from Old English māl(“speech, contract, agreement”) from Old Norse mál(“agreement, speech, lawsuit”). Akin to Old English mǣl(“speech”). Related to Old English mǣlan ( mell), maþelian(“to speak out, declare”). From *maþlą(“meeting-place”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d-(“to encounter, come”), if so related to meet, and moot.
etymonline
mail (n.1)
"post, letters," c. 1200, "a traveling bag, sack for keeping small articles of personal property," a sense now obsolete, from Old French male "wallet, bag, bundle," from Frankish *malha or some other Germanic source, from Proto-Germanic *malho- (source also of Old High German malaha "wallet, bag," Middle Dutch male "bag"), from PIE *molko- "skin, bag."
The sense was extended to "bag full of letters" (1650s; perhaps via phrases such as a mail of letters, 1654) and "person or vehicle that carries postal matter" (1650s). From thence, to "letters and parcels" generally (1680s) and "the system of transmission by public post" (1690s).
As a newspaper name, by 1789. In 19c. England, mail was letters going abroad, while home dispatches were post. Sense of "a personal batch of letters" is from 1844, originally American English. Mail slot "narrow opening in an exterior door of a building to receive mail delivery" is by 1893, American English. OED defines it as a "letter-slit."
mail (n.2)
"metal ring armor," c. 1300, from Old French maille "link of mail, mesh of net," from Latin macula "mesh in a net," originally "spot, blemish," on notion that the gaps in a net or mesh looked like spots. Its use dates from late Roman times. The favorite armor in Europe 12c.-13c., it was effective, but heavy and costly.
mail (v.)
"send by post," 1828, American English, from mail (n.1). "The usual word in the U.K. is still post" [OED]. Related: Mailed; mailing; mailable. Mailing list "register of addresses" is attested from 1876.
mail (n.3)
"rent, payment," from late Old English mal; see blackmail (n.).
