Cowardly

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Middle English: from Old French couard, based on Latin cauda ‘tail’, possibly with reference to a frightened animal with its tail between its legs, reflected in coward (sense 2 of the adjective) (early 16th century).


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wiktionary

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From Middle English *cowardly(adjective) and cowardly(adverb), equivalent to coward +‎ -ly. Displaced native Old English earg.


etymonline

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cowardly (adj.)

"wanting courage to face danger or endure harm or pain," 1550s, from coward + -ly (1). The adverb (late 14c., from -ly (2)) is older than the adjective:


Yit had I levir do what I may Than here to dye thus cowerdelye ["Le Morte d'Arthur," c. 1450]


An Old English word for "cowardly" was earg, which also meant "slothful." Related: Cowardliness.