Surveillance
early 19th century: from French, from sur- ‘over’ + veiller ‘watch’ (from Latin vigilare ‘keep watch’).
wiktionary
Borrowed from French surveillance(“a watching over, overseeing, supervision”), from surveiller(“to watch, oversee”), from sur-(“over”) + veiller(“to watch”), from Middle French, from Old French veillier(“to stay awake”), from Latin vigilāre, present active infinitive of vigilō(“I am watchful”). More at vigilant.
etymonline
surveillance (n.)
1802, from French surveillance "oversight, supervision, a watch," noun of action from surveiller "oversee, watch" (17c.), from sur- "over" (see sur- (1)) + veiller "to watch," from Latin vigilare, from vigil "watchful" (from PIE root *weg- "to be strong, be lively"). Seemingly a word that came to English from the Terror in France ("surveillance committees" were formed in every French municipality in March 1793 by order of the Convention to monitor the actions and movements of suspect persons, outsiders, and dissidents).
